Cancer Treatment Singapore - Dr Natascha Putri
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Cancer Treatment in Singapore

Cancer Treatment in Singapore

Cancer treatment in Singapore has evolved significantly over the years, offering patients a range of options tailored to their specific needs. Modern cancer care is multidisciplinary, involving a team of specialists who collaborate to devise the most effective treatment plan for each patient. These specialists include medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals. The practice of collaborative discussion at tumor boards ensures that every patient’s case is thoroughly reviewed, and the best care plan is developed, taking into careful consideration each individual’s specific needs and circumstances. This personalized approach increases the chances of successful outcomes and helps manage the complexities associated with cancer treatment. The various cancer treatment options can be broadly categorized into surgery, systemic therapy such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy including the latest development of proton beam therapy, and radioactive iodine therapy which is used as an adjunct for thyroid cancer. Each type comes with its unique methods, benefits, and considerations.

Cancer Treatment in Singapore | Surgery

Surgery

Surgery remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors. Advances in surgical techniques, such as minimally invasive and robotic surgery, have improved outcomes and reduced recovery times. Surgeons can now remove tumors with greater precision, sparing more healthy tissue and reducing complications.

Cancer Treatment in Singapore | Dr Natascha Putri

Cancer Treatment in Singapore | Systemic Therapy

Systemic Therapy

Surgery remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors. Advances in surgical techniques, such as minimally invasive and robotic surgery, have improved outcomes and reduced recovery times. Surgeons can now remove tumors with greater precision, sparing more healthy tissue and reducing complications.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. Administered orally or intravenously, it can treat cancer throughout the body. However, some of these chemotherapy drugs may also affect healthy cells, leading to side effects like fatigue, nausea, and hair loss.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy harnesses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. It includes treatments like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy, which have shown promise in treating cancers like melanoma and certain types of lymphoma. Immunotherapy is often less toxic than chemotherapy and can provide long-term protection against cancer recurrence.

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapies focus on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Drugs like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia) and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer) offer more precise treatment with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.

Cancer Treatment in Singapore | Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Cancer Treatment in Singapore | Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy

External Beam Radiation

This is traditionally the most commonly used form of radiation therapy, which uses high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells. Advanced techniques like Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) allow for more precise targeting, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources directly inside or near the tumor. This cancer treatment method is commonly used for prostate, cervical, and breast cancers. It delivers high doses of radiation to the tumor while sparing nearby healthy tissue.

Proton Beam Therapy

Proton beam therapy is a type of external beam radiation that uses protons instead of X-rays. Protons can be more precisely controlled, reducing damage to surrounding tissues and potentially leading to fewer side effects. This is particularly beneficial for treating tumors near critical structures, such as in the brain and spine.

Radioactive Iodine Therapy

Radioactive iodine therapy is primarily used for treating high-risk thyroid cancers. Patients take a radioactive iodine capsule or liquid, which is absorbed by thyroid cells. The radiation selectively destroys any remaining cancerous thyroid cells after surgery with minimal impact on the rest of the body.

Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore | Dr Natascha Putri

Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore

An Overview of Cancer Treatment Costs in Singapore

Costs of Cancer Treatment

Cancer treatment costs in Singapore vary widely based on the type of treatment, duration, and country. Generally, newer and more advanced cancer treatments like proton therapy and CAR T-cell therapy are more expensive than traditional methods.

Costs in Singapore

Cancer treatment can be costly, there are various financial assistance schemes available to help mitigate these expenses:

  • MediSave: Singaporeans can use their CPF savings for hospitalization and certain outpatient treatments. MediSave can be used for chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and certain cancer surgeries, with additional subsidies to be determined after means testing and withdrawal limits depending on the treatment type.
  • MediShield Life: This is a basic health insurance plan for Singaporeans that can help to cover large hospitalization bills and costly outpatient treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While it provides broad coverage, patients often need to supplement it with additional insurance for comprehensive coverage.
  • Integrated Shield Plans: Private insurance plans that complement MediShield Life, offering additional coverage for private hospital stays and more extensive treatment options.
  • Cancer Drug List (CDL): From September 2022, the Ministry of Health introduced a Cancer Drug List, listing drugs approved for MediShield Life and MediSave claims. This move aims to ensure cost-effective and clinically proven treatments are covered for all those who need it.

Financial Planning for Cancer Treatment in Singapore

Patients should plan their finances carefully, considering the following:

  • Insurance Coverage: Review existing insurance policies and consider enhanced coverage by supplementing with private insurance.
  • Savings and Budgeting: Utilize MediSave and MediShield for eligible treatments and budget for additional out-of-pocket expenses.
  • Government Assistance: Explore schemes like the Medication Assistance Fund (MAF) for subsidies on high-cost cancer drugs.

The landscape of cancer treatment is continually evolving, offering hope through advanced and innovative methods. While the costs can be significant, particularly in places like Singapore, various financial schemes and insurance options are available to help patients manage these expenses. Proper financial planning and understanding available resources are crucial in navigating the journey of cancer treatment.

Source:https://www.healthxchange.sg/sites/hexassets/Assets/cancer/scr-ar-2022_web-report.pdf

Understanding Cancer: Definition, Types, Causes, and Risk Factors

Cancer is a term used to describe a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. These cells can form tumors, invade nearby tissues, and even spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis. Cancer can affect nearly any part of the body and is often classified based on the type of cells or tissues it originates from.

Common Types of Cancer

There are over 100 different types of cancer, but some of the most common include:

  • Breast Cancer: The most common cancer in women, affecting the breast tissue.
  • Lung Cancer: Often linked to smoking, it affects the lungs and can spread rapidly.
  • Prostate Cancer: A common cancer in men, affecting the prostate gland.
  • Colorectal Cancer: Cancer that affects the colon or rectum, often linked to diet and lifestyle.
  • Skin Cancer: Includes melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma.
  • Leukemia: A cancer of the blood cells, affecting bone marrow and blood circulation.

Causes and Risk Factors

Cancer develops when the DNA inside cells becomes damaged, causing them to grow uncontrollably. While genetic mutations can be inherited, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and certain infections also play a significant role. Some common causes and risk factors include:

  • Smoking and Tobacco Use
  • Excessive Alcohol Consumption
  • Unhealthy Diet and Obesity
  • Exposure to Carcinogens eg. chemicals, radiation, or UV rays
  • Genetics (Family History)

Cancer Treatment in Singapore

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer, seeking prompt and effective treatment is vital. Cancer Treatment in Singapore offers world-class medical care, with state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and advanced treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans significantly improve the chances of successful recovery. Consulting experienced oncologists in Singapore ensures access to the best care tailored to each individual’s specific needs.

Comprehensive Overview of Cancer Treatment Options

Cancer treatment varies depending on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. In Singapore, Cancer Treatment options are extensive, combining the latest technologies and evidence-based practices to ensure the best possible outcomes. Below is a summary of the most common cancer treatments, their uses, preparation, costs, and potential complications.

1. Surgery

Surgical treatment involves removing the tumor or cancerous tissue from the body and is typically used for localized cancers that can be completely removed.

  • Duration: Surgery usually takes a few hours, with recovery ranging from a few days to weeks, depending on the complexity.
  • Preparation: Patients may undergo blood tests, imaging scans, and fasting before surgery.
  • Cost: The Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore for surgery ranges from SGD 8,000 to SGD 30,000, depending on the procedure.
  • Complications: Risks include infection, bleeding, or damage to nearby tissues.
  • After Treatment: Follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence, often involving imaging or additional treatments.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill or shrink cancer cells, especially for cancers that have spread or when surgery isn’t feasible.

  • Duration: Treatment is given in cycles, lasting from a few weeks to several months.
  • Preparation: Patients undergo tests and are advised to stay hydrated and maintain good nutrition.
  • Cost: Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore for chemotherapy ranges from SGD 1,500 to SGD 6,000 per cycle.
  • Complications: Common side effects include hair loss, nausea, fatigue, and a weakened immune system.
  • After Treatment: Patients are monitored for side effects, with additional treatments if needed.

3. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells and is often combined with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.

  • Duration: Each session lasts from a few minutes to 30 minutes, with treatment 5 days a week over several weeks.
  • Preparation: A simulation process helps map the exact location of the tumor.
  • Cost: The Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore for radiation therapy ranges from SGD 25,000 to SGD 30,000.
  • Complications: Side effects include fatigue, skin irritation, and possible damage to surrounding tissues.
  • After Treatment: Follow-up visits monitor for recurrence or long-term side effects.

4. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer and is increasingly used for cancers like melanoma, lung cancer, and some lymphomas.

  • Duration: Treatment varies, often lasting weeks to months.
  • Preparation: Blood tests are required, and close monitoring during treatment is essential.
  • Cost: Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore for immunotherapy can reach SGD 10,000 to SGD 50,000 per cycle.
  • Complications: Side effects include fatigue, skin rashes, and autoimmune reactions in rare cases.
  • After Treatment: Ongoing monitoring is crucial to detect side effects and assess effectiveness.

5. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy targets specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth, offering a more precise approach than chemotherapy. It is especially useful for cancers with specific genetic mutations.

  • Duration: Treatment lasts for several months, depending on the cancer type and response to therapy.
  • Preparation: Genetic testing is required to determine the appropriate therapy.
  • Cost: Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore for targeted therapy ranges from SGD 5,000 to SGD 15,000 per cycle.
  • Complications: Side effects include skin issues, liver problems, and fatigue.
  • After Treatment: Regular follow-up visits are needed to monitor treatment effectiveness and manage side effects.

Conclusion

While Cancer Treatment Cost in Singapore can be significant, the high-quality medical infrastructure and expertise available ensure that patients receive optimal care. Patients are encouraged to discuss their treatment options in detail with their oncologist to fully understand the costs, preparation, and potential side effects of each therapy. Early diagnosis and individualized care remain key to improving outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients.

Singapore Cancer Registry, National Registry of Diseases Office, Staff of the Singapore Cancer Registry, Cheong, K., Foo, L. L., Lee, E., Kuo, S., Cai, M., Yap, A., Abu Bakar, H., Lee, B. G., Ling, S. N., Kaur, S., Choo, S., Dongmei, Y., Har, Y. S., Ministry of Health, Singapore Disease Policy and Strategy Division, & Chow, W. L. (2024). Annual Report 2022 (By Health Promotion Board). https://nrdo.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider3/default-document-library/scr-ar-2022_web-report.pdf?sfvrsn=a9eb8c10_1